Sekepe sa khatello ke sets'oants'o se etselitsoeng ho ts'oara likhase kapa maro ka har'a khatello e fapaneng haholo le khatello ea tikoloho. Likepe tsena li sebelisoa liindastering tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa oli le khase, ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, tlhahiso ea matla le tlhahiso. Likepe tsa khatello li tlameha ho etsoa boenjiniere le ho hahuoa ho nahanoa ka polokeho ka lebaka la likotsi tse ka bang teng tse amanang le maro a khatello e phahameng.
Mefuta e Tloaelehileng ea Lijana Tsa Khatello:
1. Lijana tsa polokelo:
o E sebedisetsoa ho boloka metsi kapa likhase tlas'a khatello.
o Mehlala: Litanka tsa LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), litanka tsa polokelo ea khase ea tlhaho.
2. Li-Heat Exchangers:
o Lijana tsena li sebelisetsoa ho fetisetsa mocheso pakeng tsa maro a mabeli, hangata tlas'a khatello.
o Mehlala: Meropa ea metsi a belisang metsi, li-condenser kapa litora tsa ho pholisa.
3. Lisebelisoa:
o E etselitsoe ho sebetsana le lik'hemik'hale tse phahameng haholo.
o Mehlala: Li-autoclaves indastering ea lik'hemik'hale kapa ea meriana.
4. Li-Receivers / Litanka tsa Compressor:
o Lijana tsena tsa khatello li boloka moea o hatelitsoeng kapa likhase ka har'a litsamaiso tsa compressor tsa moea, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe pejana.
5. Li-boilers:
o Mofuta oa sejana sa khatello se sebelisoang ho hlahisa mouoane bakeng sa ho futhumatsa kapa ho fehla matla.
o Libolisa li na le metsi le mouoane tlas'a khatello.
Likarolo tsa Sekepe sa Khatello:
• Shell: 'Mele o ka ntle oa sekepe sa khatello. Hangata e na le cylindrical kapa spherical 'me e tlameha ho hahoa ho mamella khatello ea ka hare.
• Lihlooho (End Caps): Tsena ke likarolo tse ka holimo le tse ka tlaase tsa sekepe sa khatello. Ka tloaelo li tenya ho feta khetla ho sebetsana le khatello ea ka hare ka katleho.
• Nozzles le Ports: Tsena li lumella mokelikeli kapa khase ho kena le ho tsoa ka sekepeng sa khatello 'me hangata li sebelisetsoa ho hokahanya le lisebelisoa tse ling.
• Ho Bula Tsela ea Tsela ea Tsela kapa ea ho Kena: Lekhalo le leholoanyane le lumellang ho hloekisoa, ho hlahlojoa kapa ho hlokomeloa.
• Li-Valve Tsa Tšireletso: Tsena ke tsa bohlokoa ho thibela sekepe ho tlōla meeli ea khatello ea sona ka ho ntša khatello ha ho hlokahala.
• Litšehetso le Lithaba: Lintho tsa mohaho tse fanang ka ts'ehetso le botsitso bakeng sa sekepe sa khatello nakong ea tšebeliso.
Lits'oants'o tsa Moralo oa Sekepe sa Pressure:
• Khetho ea Lintho: Likepe tsa khatello li tlameha ho etsoa ka thepa e ka mamellang khatello ea ka hare le tikoloho e ka ntle. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa tšepe ea carbon, tšepe e sa hloekang, 'me ka linako tse ling litšepe tsa alloy kapa metsoako bakeng sa tikoloho e senyang haholo.
• Botenya ba Lerako: Botenya ba marako a sekepe sa khatello bo itšetlehile ka khatello ea ka hare le thepa e sebelisoang. Ho hlokahala marako a teteaneng bakeng sa likhatello tse phahameng.
• Tlhahlobo ea Khatello ea Maikutlo: Likepe tsa khatello li tlas'a matla le likhatello tse sa tšoaneng (mohlala, khatello ea ka hare, mocheso, vibration). Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho hlahloba khatello ea maikutlo (joalo ka tlhahlobo ea lintlha tse fokolang kapa FEA) hangata e sebelisoa molemong oa moralo.
• Ho hanyetsa Mocheso: Ho phaella khatellong, hangata likepe li sebetsa libakeng tse phahameng kapa tse fokolang mocheso, kahoo thepa e tlameha ho khona ho hanyetsa khatello ea mocheso le ho bola.
• Tumellano ya Melao: Dikepe tsa kgatello hangata di hlokeha ho ikamahanya le dikhoutu tse itseng, tse kang:
o ASME (Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Baenjiniere ba Mechini) Khoutu ea Boiler le Khatello ea Sejana (BPVC)
o PED (Pressure Equipment Directive) Europe
o Litekanyetso tsa API (American Petroleum Institute) bakeng sa tšebeliso ea oli le khase
Lisebelisoa tse Tloaelehileng bakeng sa Likepe Tsa Khatello:
• Carbon Steel: Hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa likepe tse bolokang thepa e sa jeng tlas'a khatello e itekanetseng.
• Stainless Steel: E sebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse senyang kapa tsa mocheso o phahameng. Tšepe e sa hloekang e boetse e hanyetsana le mafome 'me e tšoarella ho feta tšepe ea carbon.
• Alloy Steels: E sebelisoa libakeng tse khethehileng tse nang le khatello e phahameng ea maikutlo kapa maemo a mocheso o phahameng, joalo ka liindasteri tsa sefofane kapa tsa ho fehla motlakase.
• Lisebelisoa tse Kopantsoeng: Ka linako tse ling lisebelisuoa tse tsoetseng pele tse kopantseng li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse khethehileng haholo (mohlala, likepe tse bobebe le tse matla haholo).
Lisebelisoa tsa Lijana Tsa Khatello:
1. Indasteri ea Oli le Khase:
o Litanka tsa polokelo bakeng sa khase ea oli ea mokelikeli (LPG), khase ea tlhaho, kapa oli, hangata tlas'a khatello e phahameng.
o Ho arola likepe libakeng tsa ho hloekisa ho arola oli, metsi le khase tlas'a khatello.
2. Tšebeliso ea Lik'hemik'hale:
o E sebelisoa ho li-reactors, likholomo tsa distillation, le polokelo bakeng sa liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale le mekhoa e hlokang maemo a itseng a khatello.
3. Pheliso ea Matla:
o Li-boilers, meropa ea mouoane, le li-reactors tse nang le khatello ea maikutlo tse sebelisoang ho fehla motlakase, ho kenyeletsoa le limela tsa nyutlelie le tsa mesaletsa ea khale.
4. Lijo le Seno:
o Lijana tsa khatello tse sebelisoang ho lokisa, ho thibela le ho boloka lihlahisoa tsa lijo.
5. Indasteri ea Meriana:
o Li-autoclave le li-reactor tse kenyelletsang sterilization e phahameng ea khatello kapa motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale.
6. Aerospace le Cryogenics:
o Litanka tsa cryogenic li boloka likhase tse nang le mokelikeli mochesong o tlase haholo tlas'a khatello.
Melao le Maemo a Sekepe sa Khatello:
1. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC): Khoutu ena e fana ka tataiso bakeng sa moralo, tlhahiso, le tlhahlobo ea likepe tsa khatello Amerika.
2. ASME Karolo ea VIII: E fana ka litlhoko tse khethehileng bakeng sa moralo le kaho ea likepe tsa khatello.
3. PED (Pressure Equipment Directive): Taelo ea European Union e behang litekanyetso bakeng sa thepa ea khatello e sebelisoang linaheng tsa Europe.
4. Litekanyetso tsa API: Bakeng sa indasteri ea oli le khase, American Petroleum Institute (API) e fana ka litekanyetso tse tobileng bakeng sa likepe tsa khatello.
Qetello:
Likepe tsa khatello ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa mefuteng e mengata ea liindasteri, ho tloha ho tlhahiso ea matla ho ea ho ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale. Moralo oa bona, kaho le tlhokomelo li hloka ho ts'oaroa ka thata ho litekanyetso tsa polokeho, khetho ea thepa le melaoana ea boenjiniere ho thibela ho hloleha ho hoholo. Hore na ke ho boloka likhase tse hatelletsoeng, ho ts'oara metsi ka likhatello tse phahameng, kapa ho thusa karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale, likepe tsa khatello li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka ts'ebetso le polokeho ea lits'ebetso tsa indasteri.
Nako ea poso: Dec-20-2024